Results¶
The Results class provides methods for analyzing and displaying power flow results. Results are printed in the terminal with the use of prettytable.
Class Attributes¶
- class Results(Grid, decimals=2, export=None)¶
Attribute
Description
default
Grid
The power grid object containing the network data.
Required
decimals
Number of decimal places to round results to.
2
export
Path to export results to CSV files.
None
Class Methods¶
Options¶
- options()¶
Prints a list of all available results methods.
All¶
- All()¶
Displays all available results for both AC and DC grids including:
If optimization module is used:
If transmission expansion module is used:
- All_AC()¶
Displays results for AC grid only:
- All_DC()¶
Displays results for DC grid only:
- Slack_All()¶
Displays slack bus information for both AC and DC grids.
AC Specific Results¶
By running the following code, the results will be printed in the terminal.
import pyflow_acdc as pyf
grid,res = pyf.Stagg5MATACDC()
pyf.ACDC_sequential(grid)
res.All()
- AC_Powerflow()¶
Displays AC power flow, split into differnet asynchronous grids. Results include:
Power generation
Reactive power generation
Power load
Reactive power load
Real power by converter (if hybrid grid)
Reactive power by converter (if hybrid grid)
Power injected
Reactive power injected
Example output:
Results AC power Grid AC 1 +------+----------------+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------+---------------------------+ | Node | Power Gen (MW) | Reactive Gen (MVAR) | Power Load (MW) | Reactive Load (MVAR) | Power converters DC(MW) | Reactive converters DC (MVAR) | Power injected (MW) | Reactive injected (MVAR) | +------+----------------+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------+---------------------------+ | 1 | 133.619 | 84.328 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 133.619 | 84.328 | | 2 | 40.0 | -32.844 | 20.0 | 10.0 | -60.0 | -40.0 | -40.0 | -82.844 | | 3 | 0.0 | -0.0 | 45.0 | 15.0 | 20.774 | 7.131 | -24.226 | -7.869 | | 4 | 0.0 | 0 | 40.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0 | -40.0 | -5.0 | | 5 | 0.0 | 0 | 60.0 | 10.0 | 35.0 | 5.0 | -25.0 | -5.0 | +------+----------------+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------+---------------------------+
- AC_voltage()¶
Displays AC voltage results including:
Voltage magnitude
Voltage angle
Example output:
Results AC bus voltage Grid AC 1 +-----+--------------+---------------------+ | Bus | Voltage (pu) | Voltage angle (deg) | +-----+--------------+---------------------+ | 1 | 1.06 | 0.0 | | 2 | 1.0 | -2.383 | | 3 | 1.0 | -3.895 | | 4 | 0.996 | -4.261 | | 5 | 0.991 | -4.149 | +-----+--------------+---------------------+
- AC_lines_current()¶
Displays AC line current results including:
Current magnitude
Line loading percentage
Line capacity
Line polarity
Example output:
Results AC Lines Currents Grid AC 1 +------+----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----------+----------------+ | Line | From bus | To bus | I from (kA) | I to (kA) | Loading % | Capacity [MVA] | +------+----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----------+----------------+ | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.192 | 0.198 | 81.019 | 150 | | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0.059 | 0.063 | 37.561 | 100 | | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0.024 | 0.022 | 14.637 | 100 | | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0.03 | 0.029 | 17.841 | 100 | | 5 | 2 | 5 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 25.395 | 100 | | 6 | 3 | 4 | 0.039 | 0.04 | 23.932 | 100 | | 7 | 4 | 5 | 0.0 | 0.008 | 4.648 | 100 | +------+----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----------+----------------+
- AC_lines_power()¶
Displays AC line power flow results including:
Power flow from sending end
Power flow to receiving end
Power losses
Example output:
Results AC Lines power Grid AC 1 +------+----------+--------+-------------+---------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+---------------+ | Line | From bus | To bus | P from (MW) | Q from (MVAR) | P to (MW) | Q to (MW) | Power loss (MW) | Q loss (MVAR) | +------+----------+--------+-------------+---------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+---------------+ | 1 | 1 | 2 | 98.365 | 71.369 | -95.648 | -69.59 | 2.717 | 1.779 | | 2 | 1 | 3 | 35.254 | 12.96 | -34.192 | -15.083 | 1.062 | -2.123 | | 3 | 2 | 3 | 13.248 | -6.223 | -13.132 | 2.571 | 0.116 | -3.652 | | 4 | 2 | 4 | 17.072 | -5.181 | -16.891 | 1.74 | 0.181 | -3.441 | | 5 | 2 | 5 | 25.328 | -1.85 | -25.071 | -0.352 | 0.257 | -2.202 | | 6 | 3 | 4 | 23.098 | 4.643 | -23.042 | -6.465 | 0.057 | -1.822 | | 7 | 4 | 5 | -0.067 | -0.275 | 0.071 | -4.648 | 0.004 | -4.922 | +------+----------+--------+-------------+---------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+---------------+
- Slack_AC()¶
Displays slack bus information for AC grid.
Example output:
Slack nodes +-----------+------------+ | Grid | Slack node | +-----------+------------+ | AC Grid 1 | 1 | +-----------+------------+
- Power_loss_AC()¶
Displays power loss information for AC grid.
Example output:
Power loss AC +------------+-----------------+ | Grid | Power Loss (MW) | +------------+-----------------+ | AC Grid 1 | 4.393 | | Total loss | 4.393 | +------------+-----------------+
DC Specific Results¶
- DC_bus()¶
Displays DC bus results including:
Power generation
Power load
Converter power
Power injection
Voltage
Example output:
Results DC Grid DC 1 +------+----------------+-----------------+---------------------------+---------------------+--------------+ | Node | Power Gen (MW) | Power Load (MW) | Power Converter ACDC (MW) | Power injected (MW) | Voltage (pu) | +------+----------------+-----------------+---------------------------+---------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 0 | 0 | 58.652 | 58.652 | 1.008 | | 2 | 0 | 0 | -21.92 | -21.92 | 1.0 | | 3 | 0 | 0 | -36.191 | -36.191 | 0.998 | +------+----------------+-----------------+---------------------------+---------------------+--------------+
- DC_lines_current()¶
Displays DC line current results including:
Current magnitude
Line loading percentage
Line capacity
Line polarity
Example output:
Results DC Lines current Grid DC 1 +------+----------+--------+--------+-----------+---------------+------------------------------------+ | Line | From bus | To bus | I (kA) | Loading % | Capacity [kA] | Polarity | +------+----------+--------+--------+-----------+---------------+------------------------------------+ | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.044 | 30.681 | 0.145 | Monopolar (symmetrically grounded) | | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0.012 | 8.519 | 0.145 | Monopolar (symmetrically grounded) | | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0.04 | 27.971 | 0.145 | Monopolar (symmetrically grounded) | +------+----------+--------+--------+-----------+---------------+------------------------------------+
- DC_lines_power()¶
Displays DC line power flow results including:
Power flow from sending end
Power flow to receiving end
Power losses
Example output:
Results DC Lines power Grid DC 1 +------+----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----------------+---------------+ | Line | From bus | To bus | P from (MW) | P to (MW) | Power loss (MW) | Capacity [MW] | +------+----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----------------+---------------+ | 1 | 1 | 2 | 30.681 | -30.44 | 0.241 | 100 | | 2 | 2 | 3 | 8.519 | -8.5 | 0.019 | 100 | | 3 | 1 | 3 | 27.971 | -27.69 | 0.281 | 100 | +------+----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----------------+---------------+
- Slack_DC()¶
Displays slack bus information for DC grid.
Example output:
Slack nodes +-----------+------------+ | Grid | Slack node | +-----------+------------+ | AC Grid 1 | 1 | | DC Grid 1 | 2 | +-----------+------------+
- Power_loss_DC()¶
Displays power loss information for DC grid.
Example output:
Power loss DC +------------+-----------------+ | Grid | Power Loss (MW) | +------------+-----------------+ | DC Grid 1 | 0.541 | | Total loss | 0.541 | +------------+-----------------+
Optimization Results¶
- Ext_gen()¶
Displays external generator results including:
Generator
Power (MW)
Price (€/MWh)
Loading (%)
Cost (€)
Example output:
External Generation optimization +-----------+------+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-----------+---------+ | Generator | Node | Power (MW) | Reactive power (MVAR) | Quadratic Price €/MWh^2 | Linear Price €/MWh | Loading % | Cost k€ | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-----------+---------+ | 1 | 30.0 | 673.041 | 140.0 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 61.695 | 5.0 | | 2 | 31.0 | 646.0 | 300.0 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 100.0 | 4.0 | | 3 | 32.0 | 672.666 | 285.674 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 93.143 | 5.0 | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-----------+---------+
- Ext_REN()¶
Displays renewable sources results including:
Base power (MW)
Curtailment (%)
Power injected (MW)
Reactive power injected (MVAR)
Example output:
Renewable energy sources +-------+-----------------+---------------+---------------------+--------------------------------+-------------+---------+-----------------------+ | Bus | Base Power (MW) | Curtailment % | Power Injected (MW) | Reactive Power Injected (MVAR) | Price €/MWh | Cost k€ | Curtailment Cost [k€] | +-------+-----------------+---------------+---------------------+--------------------------------+-------------+---------+-----------------------+ | T1 | 9.5 | 0.152 | 9.486 | -0.524 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | T2 | 9.5 | 0.154 | 9.485 | -0.527 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | T3 | 9.5 | 0.156 | 9.485 | -0.53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | T4 | 9.5 | 0.159 | 9.485 | -0.535 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | T5 | 9.5 | 1.095 | 9.396 | 1.402 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | T6 | 9.5 | 1.091 | 9.396 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | T7 | 9.5 | 1.088 | 9.397 | 1.398 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | T8 | 9.5 | 1.085 | 9.397 | 1.396 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Total | 76.0 | 0.623 | 75.527 | | | 0 | 0 | +-------+-----------------+---------------+---------------------+--------------------------------+-------------+---------+-----------------------+
- OBJ_res()¶
Displays function value for all optimization functions.
Example output:
Objective function value +-----------------------+--------+------------------+------------------+ | Objective | Weight | Value | Weighted Value | +-----------------------+--------+------------------+------------------+ | Ext_Gen | 0.00 | 15 143.85 | 0.00 | | Energy_cost | 0.00 | 172 036.78 | 0.00 | | Curtailment_Red | 0.00 | 5 851.94 | 0.00 | | AC_losses | 0.00 | 47.55 | 0.00 | | DC_losses | 0.00 | 49.34 | 0.00 | | Converter_Losses | 0.00 | 156.38 | 0.00 | | General_Losses | 0.00 | 253.27 | 0.00 | | PZ_cost_of_generation | 1.00 | 2 266 461 478.61 | 2 266 461 478.61 | | Renewable_profit | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Gen_set_dev | 0.00 | 2 089.86 | 0.00 | +-----------------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
Price Zone optimization¶
- Price_zone()¶
Displays price zone results
Example output:
Price_Zone +------------+--------------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+ | Price_Zone | Renewable Generation(MW) | Generation (MW) | Load (MW) | Import (MW) | Export (MW) | Price (€/MWh) | +------------+--------------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+ | BE | 0 | 2430.355 | 3028.613 | 598.258 | 0 | 18.45 | | DE | 0 | 7182.182 | 8215.099 | 1032.917 | 0 | 0.0 | | DK | 0 | 183.954 | 840.161 | 656.207 | 0 | 3.93 | | GB | 0 | 3880.814 | 5992.166 | 2111.353 | 0 | 24.8 | | NL | 0 | 1139.034 | 2380.084 | 1241.049 | 0 | 24.71 | | NO | 0 | 327.514 | 812.459 | 484.945 | 0 | 6.36 | | MTDC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | | o_BE | 31.268 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 31.268 | 18.45 | | o_DE | 2050.71 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 2050.71 | 0.0 | | o_DK | 3082.808 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 3082.808 | 3.93 | | o_NL | 775.306 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 775.306 | 24.71 | | o_NO | 498.419 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 498.419 | 6.36 | +------------+--------------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+ +------------+------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+-----------------+ | Price_Zone | Social Cost [k€] | Renewable Gen Cost [k€] | Curtailment Cost [k€] | Generation Cost [k€] | Total Cost [k€] | +------------+------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+-----------------+ | BE | -38.712 | 0.0 | 0 | 44.845 | 6.133 | | DE | -88.381 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | -88.381 | | DK | -6.845 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.723 | -6.123 | | GB | -94.419 | 0.0 | 0 | 96.239 | 1.819 | | NL | -99.751 | 0.0 | 0 | 28.148 | -71.602 | | NO | -3.909 | 0.0 | 0 | 2.082 | -1.826 | | MTDC | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | | o_BE | 0.0 | 0.577 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.577 | | o_DE | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | | o_DK | 0.0 | 12.109 | 0 | 0.0 | 12.109 | | o_NL | 0.0 | 19.16 | 0 | 0.0 | 19.16 | | o_NO | 0.0 | 3.169 | 0 | 0.0 | 3.169 | | Total | -332.017 | 35.015 | 0 | 172.037 | -124.966 | +------------+------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+-----------------+
Treansmission expansion¶
- TEP_N()¶
Displays transmission expansion results
Example output:
Transmission Expansion Problem +---------+---------+---------+-------------+---------+-----------------------------+--------------------+ | Element | Type | Initial | Optimized N | Maximum | Optimized Power Rating [MW] | Expansion Cost [€] | +---------+---------+---------+-------------+---------+-----------------------------+--------------------+ | 2-6 | AC Line | 0 | 1.0 | 5 | 120 | 30.00 | | 3-5 | AC Line | 1 | 3.0 | 5 | 360 | 40.00 | | 4-6 | AC Line | 0 | 2.0 | 5 | 240 | 60.00 | | Total | | | | | | 130.00 | +---------+---------+---------+-------------+---------+-----------------------------+--------------------+
- TEP_norm()¶
Displays NPV objective function value for transmission expansion results
Example output:
+-----------------------+--------+--------+----------------+----------------+ | Objective | Weight | Value | Weighted Value | NPV | +-----------------------+--------+--------+----------------+----------------+ | Ext_Gen | 0.00 | 774.55 | 0.00 | 132 468 266.42 | | Energy_cost | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Curtailment_Red | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | AC_losses | 0.00 | 14.55 | 0.00 | 2 488 902.61 | | DC_losses | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Converter_Losses | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | General_Losses | 0.00 | 14.55 | 0.00 | 2 488 902.61 | | PZ_cost_of_generation | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Renewable_profit | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Gen_set_dev | 0.00 | 3.36 | 0.00 | 575 038.66 | +-----------------------+--------+--------+----------------+----------------+
Other Results¶
- Converter()¶
Displays converter results including:
AC and DC power
Reactive power
Power losses
Control modes
Loading
Example output:
AC DC Converters +-----------+---------+---------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+ | Converter | AC node | DC node | Power s AC (MW) | Reactive s AC (MVAR) | Power c AC (MW) | Power DC(MW) | Reactive power (MVAR) | Power loss IGBTs (MW) | Power loss AC elements (MW) | +-----------+---------+---------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | 1 | -60.0 | -40.0 | -59.916 | 58.652 | -32.129 | 1.264 | 0.084 | | 2 | 3 | 2 | 20.774 | 7.131 | 20.782 | -21.92 | -0.621 | 1.139 | 0.008 | | 3 | 5 | 3 | 35.0 | 5.0 | 35.02 | -36.191 | -0.269 | 1.17 | 0.02 | +-----------+---------+---------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+ +-----------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------+----------------+ | Converter | AC control mode | DC control mode | Loading % | Capacity [MVA] | +-----------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------+----------------+ | 1 | PQ | PAC | 60.093 | 120 | | 2 | PV | Slack | 18.303 | 120 | | 3 | PQ | PAC | 30.159 | 120 | +-----------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------+----------------+
- Power_loss()¶
Displays power loss information for both AC and DC grids.
Example output:
Power loss +------------------+-----------------+--------+ | Grid | Power Loss (MW) | Load % | +------------------+-----------------+--------+ | AC Grid 1 | 4.393 | 32.739 | | DC Grid 1 | 0.541 | 22.39 | | AC DC Converters | 3.685 | | | Total loss | 8.619 | | | | | | | Generation | 173.619 | | | Efficiency | 95.0% | | +------------------+-----------------+--------+